PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.